Piperaceae
Black Pepper
Piper nigrum
✓ Generally Safe
Caution in Pregnancy
Origin: India, Indonesia
Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA
Extraction Method
Steam distillation
Plant Part
Dried fruit (berries)
Aroma Profile
Warm, spicy, woody, sharp
Dilution Ratio
2-3%
💧 Applications
🌬️ Aromatherapy🖐️ Topical (diluted)💆 Massage💨 Diffuser
💊 Therapeutic Uses
Muscle stiffness, poor circulation, digestive support, quit-smoking aid (inhalation). Warming and stimulating.
🔬 Main Constituents
Beta-caryophyllene, limonene, alpha-pinene, sabinene
🎨 Blends Well With
Frankincense, Lavender, Sandalwood, Clary Sage, Ginger
⚠️ Safety Information
Safety Rating
✓ Generally Safe
Pregnancy
Caution in Pregnancy
Drug Interactions
None known
Contraindications: Avoid on sensitive or damaged skin. May irritate mucous membranes if overused.
Side Effects: Possible skin irritation at high concentrations